Magnet Technology – Magnetic Fields, Flux, Polarity & Magnetisation
Welcome to the Aussie Magnets Magnet Technology guide.
Permanent magnets work by generating a magnetic field that can attract, repel or influence other materials. Understanding how magnetism works helps you choose the right magnet, improve performance, and avoid common application issues.
This section covers the fundamentals of magnetic fields, magnetisation, flux, polarity, and how magnets behave in real-world applications.
Whether you are working with industrial magnets, engineering applications, or general use, these guides explain the science behind magnet performance in a practical way.
Jump to section:
Magnetic Fields | Magnetisation | Magnetic Flux | Magnet Polarity | Gauss & Field Strength | Air Gap & Distance | Demagnetisation
Magnetic Fields
A magnetic field is the invisible force surrounding a magnet. This field is what allows a magnet to attract or repel other magnetic materials.
Magnetic fields extend outward from the magnet and are strongest at the poles. The shape and strength of the field depend on the size, shape, and material of the magnet.
Understanding magnetic fields is essential when designing applications involving holding force, separation, or magnetic interaction.
→ View Magnetic Fields Guide
Magnetisation
Magnetisation refers to the process of aligning magnetic domains within a material to create a permanent magnet.
Magnets can be magnetised in different directions, including axial, diametrical, or multi-pole patterns depending on the application.
The direction of magnetisation affects how the magnetic field is distributed and how the magnet performs in use.
→ View Magnetisation Guide
Magnetic Flux
Magnetic flux refers to the total amount of magnetic field passing through a given area. It is a key concept in understanding how magnets transfer force and interact with materials.
In practical applications, controlling magnetic flux can improve performance, increase holding force, and reduce losses.
Flux is often directed or concentrated using steel components in magnetic assemblies.
→ View Magnetic Flux Guide
Magnet Polarity
Every magnet has two poles — north and south. Opposite poles attract, while like poles repel.
Understanding polarity is important when aligning magnets, designing assemblies, or creating magnetic circuits.
Incorrect polarity can result in reduced performance or complete failure of an application.
→ View Magnet Polarity Guide
Gauss & Field Strength
Magnetic field strength is commonly measured in gauss or tesla. These units describe how strong the magnetic field is at a given point.
Surface gauss measurements are often used to compare magnets, but real-world performance depends on many additional factors including distance and contact conditions.
Understanding field strength helps in selecting the correct magnet for precision applications.
→ View Gauss & Field Strength Guide
Air Gap & Distance
One of the most important factors affecting magnet performance is distance. Even a small air gap between a magnet and a surface can significantly reduce holding force.
Paint, coatings, uneven surfaces, or spacing can all create an air gap and reduce effectiveness.
Minimising distance and maximising contact area is key to achieving optimal performance.
→ View Air Gap & Distance Guide
Demagnetisation
Demagnetisation occurs when a magnet loses part or all of its magnetic strength. This can be caused by heat, impact, opposing magnetic fields, or incorrect use.
Different magnet materials have different resistance to demagnetisation, known as coercivity.
Understanding these limits helps prevent performance loss and extends the lifespan of the magnet.
→ View Demagnetisation Guide
Understanding Magnet Technology
Understanding how magnets work at a technical level allows you to make better decisions when selecting, designing, and using magnets in real-world applications.
By learning about magnetic fields, flux, strength, and behaviour, you can improve performance, reduce issues, and choose the most effective solution for your needs.
These guides are written by the technical team at Aussie Magnets, an Australian supplier of industrial, commercial and specialist magnets since 1989.